PINGOUD, ERNEST (, St. Petersburg–, Helsinki), considered to be Finland's first expressionist composer, general manager of the Helsinki City Orchestra from 1924 to 1942, and occasional conductor.
Pingoud was born of a Finnish mother and a French Hugenot father and was related to Erkki Melartin (see MELARTIN, ERKKI) through his maternal grandmother. The family spent their summers in Finnish Viipuri, where their neighbor was pianist Alexander Siloti (–