Class

Charles Hamm (1991) divides music of the United States through World War I into “classical, industrial, and invisible music,” with “classical,” or “art,” music serving largely the needs of the elite classes (upper and upper-middle socioeconomic groups) and “industrial,” or, as some would term it, popular or commercial, music serving the large mass of middle-class and working-class groups. The term invisible music is what Hamm uses to cover the nineteenth-century musical traditions...