Cassette production is much less centralized than other musical media. Studios exist in many cities, including Madras, Madurai, Colombo, Kozhikode, Bangalore, and Hyderabad. Engineers record musicians on a multitrack tape master and commonly add synthesized sounds, reverberation, and echo effects, even to folk products. They then send the master to a duplication (“loop-bin
”) facility that produces hundreds of copies at a time. In addition, individuals, merchants, and organizations hire dubbing stations...