The confluence of Indian, Tibetan, Nepalese, and Bhutanese cultures in the highest mountain chain in the world has resulted in musical traditions expressing varied ethnic and religious identities—Hindu songs in Nepal, Tibetan Buddhist chants in Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh, Muslim dance songs and Sufi ritual music in Kashmir, Gurung shaman recitation in Nepal, Manipa epic singing in Bhutan, and Beda and Mon instrumental performance in Ladakh, to name a few.
Political events of the twentieth century...