The Impact of the Media on Egyptian Music

In Egypt the only modern mass medium that did not directly involve music at the outset was print, which was first put to use locally in the 1820s by the modernizing ruler Muh.ammad ‘Alī (r. 1805–1848). By the late nineteenth century printing had achieved the status of a mass-produced medium with a mass market (Ayalon 1995). Further innovations in media technology followed quickly, including the gramophone (from the turn of the twentieth century), radio broadcasting (from the 1920s on...