Credit for the codification of Kunshan qiang in the mid-sixteenth century was given to Wei Liangfu , an herbal doctor by profession and a singing master by avocation who lived in Kunshan. In addition to Wei, many others contributed to the refinement of Kunshan qiang over time; they included literary men and professional and amateur singers and actors.
Although the intricate vocal technique of Kunshan qiang was transmitted orally, there were some written sources explaining the essence...